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EVOLUTION AND ADVANCE USAGE OF INTERNET IN PERU
Freddy Kaseng
Department of Mechatronic Engineering,
National University Federico Villarreal, Lima, (Peru).
E-mail: fkaseng@unfv.edu.pe ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2878-9053
Pedro Lezama
National University Federico Villarreal, Lima, (Peru).
E-mail: plezama@unfv.edu.pe ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2878-9053
Ricardo Inquilla
National University de Cañete, Cañete, (Peru).
E-mail: rinquilla00000000@undc.edu.pe ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3855-5880
Ciro Rodriguez
Department of Software Engineering,
National University Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, (Peru).
E-mail: crodriguezro@unmsm.edu.pe ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2112-1349
Recepción:
02/09/2020
Aceptación:
13/11/2020
Publicación:
29/12/2020
Citación sugerida:
Kaseng, F., Lezama, P., Inquilla, R., y Rodriguez, C. (2020). Evolution and advance usage of Internet in Peru. 3C TIC.
Cuadernos de desarrollo aplicados a las TIC, 9(4), 113-127. https://doi.org/10.17993/3ctic.2020.94.113-127
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ABSTRACT
Information and communication technologies produce changes in society as they facilitate access to
information. The research seeks to publicize the increase in the use of the Internet in Peruvian homes,
covering the percentage of the population with access to the Internet, the frequency of use, and the
activities carried out. Making use of the technical report “Statistics of Information and Communication
Technologies in homes”, and through a documentary review of various sources, including the one
prepared by the National Institute of Statistics and Informatics (INEI), with emphasis on the use of the
Internet since It is essential to have access to the Internet. A comparative analysis of the evolution of
its use was also carried out, considering a range of 5 years, taking as reference the first quarter of 2015
and the first quarter of 2020. The applied research method is descriptive. As a result, it was found that
compared to 2015, where for every 100 households, 91 had at least one ICT; In 2020, the number of
families that have at least one ICT has increased to 95. The population has considerably increased the
daily use of the Internet, obtaining a variation of 26.8.
KEYWORDS
ICT, Internet, Usage, Information, Comparative analysis, Evolution.
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1. INTRODUCTION
Currently, in a situation where it is essential to have access to the Internet since it is used for various
activities such as communication, obtaining information, and for recreation. It is also thanks to the
Internet that Information and Communication Technologies have been developing. The questions arise
from everything: How much has the use of the Internet varied in our country? Who most frequently uses
the Internet; Men or women? What activities do they carry out with the Internet?
Information and Communication Technologies, also called ICTs, are developed from the scientific
advances in computing and telecommunications; the most representative element is the computer, being
more specific, the Internet (Belloch, s.f). There are several definitions of ICT:
ICTs are the technologies that are necessary to manage and transform information, and particularly to
make use of computers and programs that allow creating, modifying, storing, protecting, and retrieving
said information (Sánchez, 2007; Daccach, s.f).
Information and Communication Technologies revolve around three basic media: computing,
microelectronics, and telecommunications, interactively and interconnected to achieve new
communicative realities (Cabero, 1998).
The development of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) has a strong potential to
transform economies and societies in various ways, reducing information and transaction costs, improving
education and access to basic services (Arellano, 2017).
Since the mid-90s, the development of ICTs showed great advances, introducing the computer and the
Internet. Initially, the costs of its use were quite high; however, over the years, this cost has decreased
considerably, thus increasing the possibility of accessing them (Instituto Nacional de Estadística y
Geografía (INEGI), s.f.). It is not only the technological environment that affects society; it is also society.
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With its demands and its ability to adopt innovations, it manages to influence the advancement of ICTs
(Bouza, 2002).
Internet is the heart of a new socio-ethnic paradigm that constitutes, in effect, the material basis of
our lives and the ways of relationship, work, and communication; the internet processes virtuality and
transforms it into our reality, composing the network society, the society we live in (Castells, 1999).
The Internet has become something indispensable in society; today’s boys and girls are born and grow
up surrounded by new technologies; people tend to classify them as digital natives. In most homes, they
have a computer, smartphone, tablet, or video game console. The ease of accessing the Internet from
various devices makes it an essential tool (Elkartea, 2016).
But we must also know that there are dangers when surfing the Internet; users are all exposed to risks,
especially children; parents should have control of what their children and the Internet do. In Spain, a
study was carried out on the establishment of norms by the parents of children between 6 and 16 years
of age on the use of the Internet in their homes, resulting in a lack of knowledge on the part of parents
about the dangers that exist in the network, or at least, act in an unreasonable way (Sureda, Comas, &
Morey, 2010).
In this article, the comparison of internet use will be made, evaluating the percentage of the population
that has internet access, the frequency of use, and the activities carried out, from the first quarter of
2015 with the first quarter of 2020 already Due to the circumstances that the country is going through
as a result of the pandemic and the measures taken by the government to avoid the spread of the
disease, information has only been collected until the January - February - March 2020 quarter (National
Institute of Statistics and Informatics (INEI), 2015, 2020).
2. METHODOLOGY
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As support of methodology, use has been made of the Technical Report “Statistics of Information and
Communication Technologies in Homes”, a document published by the Peruvian National Institute of
Statistics and Informatics (INEI); it has been developed based on the results obtained from the National
Household Survey - ENAHO-quarterly, this technical report is prepared due to the growing importance
of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in all areas of society (National Institute of
Statistics and Informatics (INEI), 2015, 2020).
The descriptive method will be developed using the technical report; tables are prepared to visualize the
data better and make a more understandable comparison, obtaining; as a result, the graphs to discuss
the results later.
2.1. EVOLUTION OF ACCESS TO INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION
TECHNOLOGIES IN HOUSEHOLDS
Table 1. Households according to the status of possession of Information and Communication Technologies.
Condition of ICT possession
Jan-Feb-Mar 2015
Jan-Feb-Mar 2020
At least one ICT 90.6 94.9
None 9.4 5.1
Source: (National Institute of Statistics and Informatics (INEI), 2015, 2020).
2.2. POPULATION WITH INTERNET ACCESS
Table 2. The population of 6 years and over that uses the Internet, according to the area of residence.
Geographical scope Jan-Feb-Mar 2015 Jan-Feb-Mar 2020
Total 40.7 60.3
Metropolitan Lima 58.2 78.5
Urban rest 1 / 45.9 64.2
Rural area 9.1 23.8
Source: (National Institute of Statistics and Informatics (INEI), 2015, 2020).
* Note: not include Metropolitan Lima.
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2.3. FREQUENCY OF INTERNET USE
Table 3. The population is aged six and over, according to sex and frequency of Internet use.
Sex / Frequency of internet use
Jan-Feb-Mar 2015
Jan-Feb-Mar 2020
Total 100.0 100.0
Once a day 54.4 81.2
Once a week 39.8 17.0
Once a month or every two months or more 5.8 1.8
Man 100.0 100.0
Once a day 55.5 81.5
Once a week 39.1 16.8
Once a month or every two months or more 5.4 1.7
Woman 100.0 100.0
Once a day 53.0 80.8
Once a week 40.6 17.3
Once a month or every two months or more 6.3 2.0
Source: (National Institute of Statistics and Informatics (INEI), 2015, 2020).
2.4. ACTIVITIES CARRIED OUT BY THE INTERNET USER POPULATION
Table 4. Population aged six years and over by sex, according to the type of activity carried out on the Internet.
Activities Total
Sexo
Man Woman
Communicate 86.5 86.3 86.7
Get information 83.4 83.0 83.8
Entertainment activities (video games, getting music, etc.) 73.5 75.1 71.6
Source: (National Institute of Statistics and Informatics (INEI), 2015, 2020).
Table 5. Population aged six years and over by sex according to the type of activity carried out on the Internet.
Activities Total
Sexo
Man Woman
Communicate 92.1 92.0 83.9
Get information 87.8 88.3 87.3
Entertainment activities (video games, getting music, etc.) 78.8 90.2 87.2
Source: (National Institute of Statistics and Informatics (INEI), 2015, 2020).
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3. RESULTS
5
Entertainment activities (video games,
getting music, etc.)
73.5
75.1
71.6
Source: (National Institute of Statistics and Informatics (INEI), 2015, 2020).
Table 5. Population aged six years and over by sex according to the type of
activity carried out on the Internet.
Activities
Total
Sexo
Man
Woman
Communicate
92.1
92.0
83.9
Get information
87.8
88.3
87.3
Entertainment activities (video games,
getting music, etc.)
78.8
90.2
87.2
Source: (National Institute of Statistics and Informatics (INEI), 2015, 2020).
3. RESULTS
Figure 1. Comparison of the percentage of households with access to Information
and Communication Technologies in the quarters January - February - March of the
years 2015 and 2020, respectively.
0
20
40
60
80
100
Al menos una TIC Ninguna
90,6
9,4
94,9
5,1
Ene-Feb-Mar 2015 Ene-Feb-Mar 2020
Figure 1. Comparison of the percentage of households with access to Information and Communication Technologies in the
quarters January - February - March of the years 2015 and 2020, respectively.
6
Figure 2. Comparison of the population aged six years and over who have internet
access in the quarters January - February - March of the years 2015 and 2020,
respectively.
Figure 3. The percentage of the frequency of Internet use of the population aged six
years and over in the quarters of January - February - March of the years 2015 and
2020 respectively.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Total Lima
Metropolitana
Resto urbano Área rural
40,7
58,2
45,9
9,1
60,3
78,5
64,2
23,8
Ene-Feb-Mar 2015 Ene-Feb-Mar 2020
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Una vez al día Una vez a la semana Una vez al mes o
cada dos meses o
más
54,4
39,8
5,8
81,2
17
1,8
Ene – Feb – Mar 2015 Ene – Feb – Mar 2020
Figure 2. Comparison of the population aged six years and over who have internet access in the quarters January - February -
March of the years 2015 and 2020, respectively.
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6
Figure 2. Comparison of the population aged six years and over who have internet
access in the quarters January - February - March of the years 2015 and 2020,
respectively.
Figure 3. The percentage of the frequency of Internet use of the population aged six
years and over in the quarters of January - February - March of the years 2015 and
2020 respectively.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Total Lima
Metropolitana
Resto urbano Área rural
40,7
58,2
45,9
9,1
60,3
78,5
64,2
23,8
Ene-Feb-Mar 2015 Ene-Feb-Mar 2020
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Una vez al día Una vez a la semana Una vez al mes o
cada dos meses o
más
54,4
39,8
5,8
81,2
17
1,8
Ene – Feb – Mar 2015 Ene – Feb – Mar 2020
Figure 3. The percentage of the frequency of Internet use of the population aged six years and over in the quarters of January -
February - March of the years 2015 and 2020 respectively.
7
Figure 4. Comparison of the percentage of the frequency of Internet use of the
male population aged six years and over in the quarters of January - February -
March of the years 2015 and 2020, respectively.
Figure 5. The percentage of the frequency of Internet use of the female
population aged six years and over in the quarters of January - February -
March of the years 2015 and 2020 respectively.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Una vez al día Una vez a la semana Una vez al mes o
cada dos meses o
más
55,5
39,1
5,4
81,5
16,8
1,7
Hombre - 2015 Hombre - 2020
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Una vez al día Una vez a la semana Una vez al mes o
cada dos meses o
más
53
40,6
6,3
80,8
17,3
2
Mujer - 2015 Mujer - 2020
Figure 4. Comparison of the percentage of the frequency of Internet use of the male population aged six years and over in the
quarters of January - February - March of the years 2015 and 2020, respectively.
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Figure 4. Comparison of the percentage of the frequency of Internet use of the
male population aged six years and over in the quarters of January - February -
March of the years 2015 and 2020, respectively.
Figure 5. The percentage of the frequency of Internet use of the female
population aged six years and over in the quarters of January - February -
March of the years 2015 and 2020 respectively.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Una vez al día Una vez a la semana Una vez al mes o
cada dos meses o
más
55,5
39,1
5,4
81,5
16,8
1,7
Hombre - 2015 Hombre - 2020
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Una vez al día Una vez a la semana Una vez al mes o
cada dos meses o
más
53
40,6
6,3
80,8
17,3
2
Mujer - 2015 Mujer - 2020
Figure 5. The percentage of the frequency of Internet use of the female population aged six years and over in the quarters of
January - February - March of the years 2015 and 2020 respectively.
8
Figure 6. Comparison of the percentage of activities carried out on the Internet by
the population aged six and over in January - February - March of 2015 and 2020,
respectively.
In Figure 1, we can see that there is a percentage increase of 4.3% of the population
that has at least one ICT since in the first quarter of 2015, for every 100 households
in 91 there was at least one ICT and in the first quarter In the year 2020, for every
100 families, in 95 there was at least one ICT, this means that in the last 5 years
access to ICTs has increased by 4 households.
Figure 2 shows that, in the first quarter of 2015, 40.7% of the population aged 6 and
over in our country accessed the Internet, and in the first quarter of 2020, it was
60.3%. This leads to a percentage increase of 19.6%.
Figures 3, 4, and 5 show that, in the first quarter of 2015, 54.4% of the population
aged 6 years and overused the Internet daily; however, in the first quarter of 2020,
it was the 81.2% of the people made daily use of the Internet, presenting a variation
of 26.8%, with men in both years being the ones who used the Internet the most
daily.
Likewise, it is observed that, in the first quarter of 2015, 39.8% of the population
aged six and over in our country used the Internet once a week. In the first quarter
of 2020, 17.0% of the population used the Internet once a week, presenting a
variation of -22.8%, in this case, women using the Internet the most once a week.
Figure 6 shows the percentage of activities carried out by the population aged six
and over, noting that in both years, the predominant activity is communicating.
4. DISCUSSION
In accordance with the results, regarding the evolution of ICT access in the
households where for every 100 households, 95 had at least one ICT; Due to the
0
20
40
60
80
100
Comunicarse Obtener información Actividades de
entretenimiento
86,5
83,4
73,5
92,1
87,8
78,8
Ene-Feb-Mar 2015 Ene-Feb-Mar 2020
Figure 6. Comparison of the percentage of activities carried out on the Internet by the population aged six and over in January -
February - March of 2015 and 2020, respectively.
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In Figure 1, we can see that there is a percentage increase of 4.3% of the population that has at least one
ICT since in the first quarter of 2015, for every 100 households in 91 there was at least one ICT and in
the first quarter In the year 2020, for every 100 families, in 95 there was at least one ICT, this means that
in the last 5 years access to ICTs has increased by 4 households.
Figure 2 shows that, in the first quarter of 2015, 40.7% of the population aged 6 and over in our country
accessed the Internet, and in the first quarter of 2020, it was 60.3%. This leads to a percentage increase
of 19.6%.
Figures 3, 4, and 5 show that, in the first quarter of 2015, 54.4% of the population aged 6 years and
overused the Internet daily; however, in the first quarter of 2020, it was the 81.2% of the people made
daily use of the Internet, presenting a variation of 26.8%, with men in both years being the ones who
used the Internet the most daily.
Likewise, it is observed that, in the first quarter of 2015, 39.8% of the population aged six and over in
our country used the Internet once a week. In the first quarter of 2020, 17.0% of the population used
the Internet once a week, presenting a variation of -22.8%, in this case, women using the Internet the
most once a week.
Figure 6 shows the percentage of activities carried out by the population aged six and over, noting that
in both years, the predominant activity is communicating.
4. DISCUSSION
In accordance with the results, regarding the evolution of ICT access in the households where for every
100 households, 95 had at least one ICT; Due to the adaptability of ICTs to the characteristics of
any physical environment, it is probable that in the future changes will be achieved in homes due to
environmental conditions (Mañas, Cuadrado, & Martí, 2006).
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To the frequency of Internet use in people from 6 years to more than age, we have noticed that the
daily use of the Internet has increased considerably; among those surveyed, we will find both minors
and adults; Focusing on children, they should have control of the use of the Internet since excess
could lead to an addiction, in 2013 a group of San Marcos carried out a study regarding internet
addiction and aggressiveness in students from secondary education and a significant direct relationship
was found between aggressiveness and Internet addiction, which would imply that if the adolescent
behaves aggressively, he or she will have a greater chance of being addicted to the Internet or vice versa
(Matalinares et al., 2013).
Likewise, ansother study carried out in Spain in 2010 tells us that the problems related to excessive use of
the Internet are similar to those that occur with other behavioral and technological addictions (Muñoz,
Fernández, & Gámez, 2013).
To the activities carried out on the Internet that of communicating stands out, the Internet has allowed
the creation of various virtual spaces that promote and stimulate people’s communication, under
freedom of expression, sociability. Many of these are free, both locally and internationally. The current
communicative interaction is unprecedented; the impact it causes in the history of humanity cannot be
measured (Álvarez & Rodríguez, 2012).
5. CONCLUSIONS
With the results of this research, it can be seen that the country has improved over the last five years at
the household level in terms of the possession and use of ICTs, and specifically the use of the Internet
in the metropolitan, urban and rural areas of Lima.
The internet is used in all areas of daily life, whether to communicate, obtain information or carry out
recreational activities; with greater need in the social distancing by the COVID-19, the internet has
revolutionized our ways of life, providing us with both benefits and threats. In the last 5 years a large part
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of the country has been able to adapt to the use of the internet in both positive and negative aspects,
and in the near future there will probably be new changes in behavior and activities with the use of
technology that we will have to face.
As time goes by, ICT’s are developing on a large scale, we must learn to live with them, we have to adapt
to the new changes as the way of communicating, in the way of doing things, because ICT’s are already
part of our culture and provide us with opportunities for the best social development.
With the results of this research, it can be seen that the country has improved over the last five years at
the household level in terms of the possession and use of ICTs, and specifically the use of the Internet
in the metropolitan, urban and rural areas of Lima.
The internet is used in all areas of daily life, whether to communicate, obtain information or carry out
recreational activities; with greater need in the social distancing by the COVID-19, the internet has
revolutionized our ways of life, providing us with both benefits and threats. In the last 5 years a large part
of the country has been able to adapt to the use of the internet in both positive and negative aspects,
and in the near future there will probably be new changes in behavior and activities with the use of
technology that we will have to face.
As time goes by, ICT’s are developing on a large scale, we must learn to live with them, we have to adapt
to the new changes as the way of communicating, in the way of doing things, because ICT’s are already
part of our culture and provide us with opportunities for the best social development.
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